Libyan Legal System Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Libyan Legal System - Research Proposal Example According to the paper the debate on the relationship that exists between the Sharia laws and the national laws in Libya is only new to the post Gadhafi period. The only difference now is that it gained momentum after the revolution as a result of the increasing legal and political importance of Sharia laws on the county. There are a lot of instances where the importance of the Sharia laws has been seen both in the Gadhafi era and the post Gadhafi regime. The major one after the revolution however is the Constitutional Declaration that was issued by the interim National Transition Council (NTC) stating that the Sharia laws remain the principal source of legislation in Libya. In another speech in October 2011 the NTC President went ahead to declare that any law in the county that violates the Sharia laws was suspended with immediate effect. These included the laws that had been put in place restricting the practice of polygamy and allowing women to own certain kind of properties6. The announcement further indicated that the county would only use Islamic banking where usury will be banned in the county. This is a clear indicator on the importance that the Sharia was in the post Gadhafi Libya. The paper will also focus on the efforts being made to ensure that the legal system in Libya is more effective. It will also present an array of solutions that can be used in the creation of a more effective legal system that has wide acceptance in the country.

Rights of the individual were primary to the well being of the community Essay Example for Free

Rights of the individual were primary to the well being of the community Essay Nietzsche prefers individuals over community. He believes that all effort should be made for the development and growth of individuals and not for the hoard of men called human society. He does not belong to that group of moralists who held the protection of rights and progress of the whole society primary and that of individuals as secondary. Nietzsche held this group of thinkers in contempt as he is an outspoken supporter of the protection of the rights and multi-dimensional growth of individuals. To community he gives a secondary place because he believes that when the individuals of a community strengthened the whole community will be strengthened. Those communities, he believes, cannot survive for long that care for the whole and not for the individuals. Let us discuss in detail Nietzsche’s vehement support for the primary importance and rights of individuals. Nietzsche believed that all the powers and toil of humanity should be directed towards the overall development of individual human beings and this work should not be wasted by employing it towards raising the status of the whole human society, for instance he said that it is not mankind but superman is his goal. He even refuses to believe in the concrete existence of a collective human society. He criticizes those who believe in work directed towards the development of society. Nietzsche believes that society should work only for the individuals, and individuals should not waste their energies for the betterment of societies. According to him those societies waste their existence at all that failed to produce powerful and worthy individuals. Societies should work as machines for polishing the powers and capabilities of individuals. Nietzsche doesn’t want religion of the society to shackle the free spirit of individuals. He wants a free world for the individuals so that there spirits and intellects should grow to the fullest extent completely unrestrained by any narrow-minded views of the society. That’s the reason he does not look favorably at Christianity and its propagators- the priests. He castigates priesthood and illustrates their depravity in this way; â€Å"Behold these huts which these priests built! Churches they call their sweet-smelling caves. Oh, that falsified light! That musty air! Here the soul is not allowed to soar to its height. For thus their faith commands: â€Å"Crawl up the stairs on your knees, ye sinners! †Ã¢â‚¬ (Nietzsche, 1978. p. 91). He does not want a religion that eats up the rights of individuals. He wants that kind of social setup and social code of life which offers no resistance to the free life of individuals. Even with regards to morality he does not supports that kind of morality which benefits a community and harms the individual. He wants the ‘will’ of individuals to be strengthened and so does not hate the pleasures of flesh. He does not want man to be afraid of the moral laws of society rather he wants him to be brave, strong and independent. Nietzsche wants his men to live a life that is beyond good and evil. An unfettered life. He wants his brave independent men to speak and stammer these words; This is my good; this I love; it pleases me wholly; thus alone do I want the good. I do not want it as divine law; I do not want it as human statute and need: it shall not be signpost for me to over earths and paradises. It is an earthly virtue that I love: there is little prudence in it, and least of all the reason of all men. But this bird built its nest with me: therefore I love and caress it; now it dwells with me, sitting on its golden eggs. (Nietzsche, 1978. p. 36). The life of man, he believes, should not be hindered the strict moral codes made by divinity or community. When the individuals get stronger the society of them will get stronger automatically, this Nietzsche believes. On the other hand if a community kept on giving importance to its well being and not to that of the individuals it will definitely end up in disaster and destruction of both-individual and society. Nietzsche feels that only free men can live and enjoy their lives. The slaves of different passions and laws cannot do that. In his work, Zarathustra spoke to a youth this way; â€Å"You are not yet free, you still search for freedom. You are worn from your search and over awake. You aspire to the free heights, your soul thirsts for the stars. But your wicked instincts, too, thirst for freedom. Your wild dogs want freedom; they bark with joy in their cellar when your spirit plans to open all prisons. To me you are still a prisoner who is plotting his freedom: alas, in such prisoners the soul becomes clever, but also deceitful and bad. And even the liberated spirit must still purify himself. Much prison and mustiness still remain in him: his eyes must still become pure. † (Nietzsche, 1978. p. 43) Free men give birth to free communities and slave men gave birth to slave communities, this Nietzsche seems to believe in his seminal work â€Å"Thus Spoke Zarathustra†. Nietzsche believes that people should be free to get knowledge and dig out truth for themselves. He hates the people who prefer falsehood for the sake of social good. He says again that, â€Å"You have served the people and the superstition of the people, all you famous wise men—and not truth. And that is precisely why you were accorded respect †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦thus the master lets his slaves have their way and is even amused by their pranks† (Nietzsche, 1978. p. 102). He believes that the community does not want to accord people the right to believe in and search the truth â€Å"But the free spirit, the enemy of fetters, the non-adorer who dwells in the woods, is as hateful to the people as a wolf to dogs. To hound him out of his lair-that is what the people have ever called ‘a sense of decency’; and against him the people still set their fiercest dogs. † (Nietzsche, 1978. p. 102) He believes that only truth seekers and truthful men could live with dignity, â€Å"Hungry, violent, lonely, godless: thus the lion-will wants itself. Free from the happiness of slaves, redeemed from gods and adorations, fearless and fear inspiring, great and lonely: such is the will of the truthful. † (Nietzsche, 1978. p. 103) For those people who don’t have independent thinking minds he spoke angrily in these words, â€Å"but in the cities dwell the well-fed, famous wise men- the beasts of burden. For, as asses, they always pull the people’s cart. † (Nietzsche, 1978. p. 104) Nietzsche strongly believes that, individuals having independent minds and free-thinking natures raise life to the higher planes of existence; which cannot be done otherwise by slave minds and natures. The community of men will get stronger when the right to search knowledge freely is granted to the individuals and when the individuals themselves struggle to get that right. To sum up, it is stated that Nietzsche is a staunch believer in the rights of individuals. He is one of those thinkers who held the importance of the rights of individual primary and that of community as secondary. According to him a community will get strengthen only when its citizens get strengthen individually. He believes that these individuals should be allowed to grow and develop themselves completely unfettered by the restrictions of the community. Above mentioned arguments and supported evidence clearly manifest Nietzsche’s philosophical orientation about individuality and individual rights. Work Cited Nietzsche, Fredrich. (1978). Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Walter Kaufmann, Trans. ). New York: Random House.

Similarities Between Mitochondria And Bacteria Biology Essay

Similarities Between Mitochondria And Bacteria Biology Essay Bacteria are believed to be among the oldest cells on Earth, fossils indicate bacteria-like organisms were around almost 3.5 billion years ago. They are unicellular micro-organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus and contain no organelles. Many people consider them to be the cause of many diseases, which they are, but the human body contains trillions of bacteria, aiding processes such as digestion and growth. Mitochondria on the other hand are organelles found in the majority of eukaryotic cells, they produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). What could these organelles found in eukaryotes have in common with bacteria, which are prokaryotes? Hopefully this essay will address that question and attempt to answer it. To achieve this in the first section of this essay I will consider the structural similarities between them both. I will then go on to compare the functional similarities in the second section of this essay which will then be followed by a section outl ining and explaining the endosymbiotic theory which should help to clarify the previous sections. Finally I will summarise the similarities between mitochondria and bacteria and the causes of these similarities and the validity of the theory explaining them. Structure At first glance bacteria and mitochondria look to have a very different internal structure and can also have a radically different external shape, but inside they do share some similarities. The internal structure of bacteria is very simple, it contains no membrane bound organelles, but instead it contains a nucleoid which is the central part of the cell and it is where the DNA is generally confined to. Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm of the bacteria as well as storage granules. All bacteria have a plasma membrane, most also have a cell wall and while some have a capsule, others do not (1). Some bacteria also have flagella which are tiny whip-like structures often located at one end of the cell. Although they vary in size greatly, common bacteria such as Escherichia coli are about 2ÃŽ ¼m in length, when comparing this to mitochondria they are very similar in length but like bacteria, the shapes and sizes of mitochondria vary significantly depending on what species or cell they are found in (2). Mitochondria are located in the cytoplasm of both animal and plant cells; they are cylindrical structures that consist of an outer membrane, inner membrane and matrix. Like bacteria, mitochondria also have their own circular DNA genome which is separate from the nucleus of the cell which is located in the matrix. The membrane of the mitochondria is also very similar to the membrane found around the bacteria; it is double layered and is made up from lipids, just like a prokaryotes membrane. This is interesting as it shows no similarities with a eukaryotic cells cytoplasm, but instead it is very similar to the composition of a bacterial membrane. The inner folds of the mitochondrial membrane, cristae, are very similar to mesosomes found in bacteria. Mitochondria also contain ribosomes similar to those found in bacteria; this will be explained further in the next section. Function The main function of bacteria, like any organism, is to reproduce, and while mitochondrias main function is to produce energy in the form of ATP it also needs to reproduce. Mitochondria are formed by a process very similar to binary fission, the method by which bacteria divide. When a bacterium reaches a certain size, it splits down the middle to create two organisms. In a mitochondrion the nucleus signals the cell to produce more organelles, but only the mitochondria actually replicate themselves while other organelles have to be made up from substances present within the cell. There is an electron transport chain found in both the plasma membrane around a prokaryote as well as in the membrane around the mitochondria but it is absent in membrane of eukaryotic cells. Proteins are required in a cell to perform all functions and all synthesis of these proteins takes place in ribosome; these ribosomes are present throughout the cell but mitochondria have their own ribosomes to produce the proteins they need. Chemical and microscopic analysis shows how the structures of mitochondrial and bacterial ribosomes share more similarities with each other than with ribosomes in eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells are 80S in size while ribosomes found in bacteria and mitochondria are 70S in size (3). One experiment carried out by Margulis showed that the protein synthesis of both mitochondria and bacteria are sensitive to erythromycin and chloramphenicol and insensitive to cyclohexamide and emetine whilst cytoribosomal protein synthesis is insensitive to erythromycin and chloramphenicol and is usually sensitive to cyclohexamide and emetine, suggesting that mitochondrial ribosomes are different from those found in the cytoplas m of eukaryotic cells, and are similar to those found in bacteria. This experiment among other structural and functional similarities lead to Margulis to formulate the theory of endosymbiosis. Endosymbiosis The theory of endosymbiosis had been around before the evidence published by Lynn Margulis, but it was her work that made it a widely accepted theory among biologists. Included in her hypothesis was the thought that mitochondria are the result of endocytosis of aerobic bacteria. This would explain the similarities between mitochondria and bacteria, and why mitochondria differ from what would be expected from a typical eukaryotic organelle. The theory purposes that a proto-eukaryotic cell ingested an aerobic bacterium but it failed to digest it. The aerobic cell then thrived due to the cells cytoplasm being full of partially digested food molecules, and some of the ATP may have leaked into the cells cytoplasm. This occurred around a time where the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere was increasing and aerobic respiration was advantageous to survive (3). An increase in ATP must have caused a growth advantage to the proto-eukaryote, enabling it to dominate over other cells that la cked cell walls and endosymbionts. The endosymbiont, originally the aerobic bacterium, eventually became dependent on the host for both protection and nutrients, meaning there was little need for genes involved in these processes. On the other hand, due to the endosymbiont only being permitted to remain if it continued to capture and store energy, there was a strong selective pressure to retain the genes involved in energy capture and storage. Eventually genes whose products were of no use to the host eroded and were ultimately lost. Finally as the genome reduction continued, the endosymbiont evolved into an energy-providing organelle. However, some more recent research suggests that the endosymbiont may have been an anaerobic bacterium with a fermentative metabolism (4). The bacterium that was originally engulfed is believed to have evolved into a mitochondrion that enabled the evolution of larger organisms. The endosymbiotic theory is well supported, although there are many different variations of it there is strong evidence that suggests mitochondria did originate from bacteria. The similarities in the previous sections are all evidence pointing towards endosymbiosis and this theory explains why bacteria and mitochondria have much in common, and why the mitochondrias function and structure often defies what would be expected from a eukaryotic organelle. Conclusion The similarities between bacteria and mitochondria are easy to see despite belonging to different domains. When a mitochondrion is looked at in detail there are obvious differences to a eukaryotic cell and other organelles present in the eukaryotic cytoplasm, the biggest of these is perhaps the presence of mitochondrial DNA, but there are similarities in many other aspects of a mitochondrion. Their primary functions may be different but bacteria and mitochondria still share process such as binary fission. All this evidence leads to the endosymbiotic theory which offers an explanation for these similarities, although many parts of it are still being debated. This theory allows us to understand how single cell organisms developed into the vast array of complex organisms that are present 3.5 billion years after the first bacteria are thought to have existed.

Creating Slave Laws Essay -- essays research papers

The institution of slavery is a black mark on the record of Americans. Marking a time of hate and racism, an oppression spurred by fear that would plague our nation for decades upon decades. An Act for the Better Order and Government of Negroes and Slaves, and Conflicts between Masters and Slaves: Maryland in the Mid-Seventeenth Century, illustrate the dismay and panic European Colonials endured as they enslaved Africans. This dismay and panic generated laws to be established that further widened the gap between Europeans and Africans, stripping the Africans of any legal rights. The dismay and panic concerned loosing a valuable economic pawn. The first piece, An Act for Better Ordinance, clearly portrays the attitude of the majority of White Europeans. "Whereaes the plantations and estates of this Province cannot be well and sufficiently manages and brought into use, without the labor and service of negroes and other slaves [i.e., Indians]; and forasmuch as the said negroes and other slaves brought unto the people of this Province for that purpose, are barbarous, wild, savage natures, and such as renders them wholly unqualified to be governed by the laws, customs, and practices of this Province; but that is absolutely necessary."1 The white men of the time felt that their superiority was deemed by a higher power, why else would their skin tones be so drastically different. Racist views of these 'savage' men created fear. With the growing number of slaves, they had to be stripped of everything to prevent anarchy, as the white men could not envision a world without slave labor. The white men rationalized that slav es will escape. To prevent this one must allow them nothing beyond the plantation they were running from. The white men turn to government. "And for the better security of all such persons that shall endeavor to take any run-away, or shall examine any slave for his ticket, passing to and from his master's plantation, it is hereby declared lawful for any white person to beat, maim or assault, and if such negro or slave cannot otherwise be taken, to kill him, who shall refuse to shew his ticket, or, by running away or resistance, shall endeavor to avoid being apprehended or taken."2 White men had granted themselves a license to kill Africans whose desire for freedom was too strong. Likewise, the second piece, Conflicts between Maste... ...ord/St. Martin’s, 1999), 48. 5. The Early America Review, Charles P.M. Outwin, â€Å"Securing the Leg Irons: Restriction of Legal Rights for Slaves in Virginia and Maryland, 1625-1791. pg 7. Available http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/winter96/slavery.html 6. The Early America Review, Charles P.M. Outwin, â€Å"Securing the Leg Irons: Restriction of Legal Rights for Slaves in Virginia and Maryland, 1625-1791. pg 7. Available http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/winter96/slavery.html 7. Journal of Black Studies, Joyce Tang, â€Å"Enslaved African Rebellions in Virginia,† pg 2 May 1997, v 27, n, p598. Available http://bess.fcla.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/~fcliac/cgi2iac/UF?RI19998103 8. Journal of Black Studies, Joyce Tang, â€Å"Enslaved African Rebellions in Virginia,† pg 3 May 1997, v 27, n, p598. Available http://bess.fcla.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/~fcliac/cgi2iac/UF?RI19998103 9. Journal of Black Studies, Joyce Tang, â€Å"Enslaved African Rebellions in Virginia,† pg 4 May 1997, v 27, n, p598. Available http://bess.fcla.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/~fcliac/cgi2iac/UF?RI19998103

An Ideal School Essay

AN IDEAL SCHOOL – WRITE ABOUT THE INFRASTRUCTURE AND FACILITIES YOU CONSIDERED IMPORTANT FOR AN IDEAL SCHOOL. Students are trained in the school as the future citizens of the country. Unless the schools are ideal the country cannot get ideal citizens. Let us know what an ideal school is. An ideal school is situated in a peaceful site in the lap of nature full of beautiful sceneries. It is situated in a vast compound that admits nature’s free air and free light. It is situated in a place which is served by natural spring of water and by sweet-scented flowers spreading their fragrance all around and by good climatic conditions. The building of an ideal school should be large and spacious. The classrooms, the common rooms and the office-rooms should have a good number of windows to let in free air and free light. In a classroom there should be five square feet space for each of the students. In an ideal school there are no more than twenty students in each of the classes. Each student is provided with a single chair and a single desk, which are in quite good condition. An ideal school is provided with an ideal staff. The teachers of an ideal school are well qualified. They are greatly interested in learning and teaching. They do not have any profitable motive. They take teacher ship as a mission in their life. They work in the school with a missionary spirit. They are the men of character and integrity. They work together with a team-spirit and with full co-operation and understanding among themselves. An ideal school is well-supplied with all sorts of educational requirements like apparatus and appliance maps, charts and globes, libraries and laboratories, magazines and newspapers, radio, television and audio-visual projectors, museum and swimming pools, lawns and gardens and stadium and gymnasiums. An ideal school must have an ideal hostel quite close to its situation. If we want that our country should be an ideal country and our nation should be an ideal nation, we should make our schools ideal. An ideal school is the greatest asset for the students whom it serves.

EGYPTIAN ENVIRONM essays

MESOPOTAMIAN/EGYPTIAN ENVIRONM essays This paper is about the comparison of two separate ways of looking at nature and mans relationship with nature, the Mesopotamian and Egyptian version alongside the Hebrew and Christian version. We will first examine the backgrounds of these three cultures, then we will try to judge the whys and wherefores of the differences between cultures. Egyptian culture and religion were dominated by the Nile. The river was the springboard of life for the civilization, but unlike certain other rivers (as we will see in the next section) the Nile was quite predictable, flooding at regular times. This allowed the mighty river to be used by rulers as an example of their power, overreaching its banks only at their explicit command. Civilization in the West declares, As divine incarnation, the king was obliged above all to care for his people. It was he who ensured the annual flooding of the Nile, which brought water to the parched land. This bit of trickery allowed transmutation of the rivers power into one all powerful person, yet despite all his incantations the Nile (or basically nature itself to these people) was still ruler over all. The Egyptians had many gods of the river, which they regularly appeased with offerings of agricultural produce. Egyptians attitude toward nature and the river may be seen in this fol lowing passage from The Book of the Dead (circa 16th century B.C.) I have not mistreated cattle... I have not cut down on the food in the temples... I have not damaged the bread of the gods... I have not snared the birds of the gods. These excerpts from this prayer emphasizes the Egyptians belief that agriculture was basically the gods property, and that they were merely the caretakers of this property. Mesopotamian beliefs are even more interesting than Egyptian. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers which they were located between are very much unlike the ped...

The eNotes Blog Hey Genius, MacArthurs Calling

Hey Genius, MacArthurs Calling One call, out of the blue, $500,000, and no strings attached. Wouldnt that be nice? Unfortunately, this only happens to geniuses Im talking about the MacArthur Foundations genius grant, which yesterday was awarded to 23 recipients. Among them were authors Junot Diaz, writer of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao and the more recent This is How You Lose Her, and Ethiopian born Dinaw Mengetsu, whose two published novels are The Beautiful Things That Heaven Bears and How to Read the Air. Dinaw Mengetsu Both authors have had the chance to share their jubilation upon receiving the news, and what it means to them. Mengetsu was as far afield as Nairobi when he received his call: It was obviously amazingly overwhelming and at the same time felt remarkably appropriate to be there and to be in a community that I felt I was desperately trying to reach out to Part of what the MacArthur fellowship does is remind me that the work Ive done is relevant – not necessarily what I write about, but the people who populate my work. That those people have a significance and meaning that sometimes might be overshadowed or lost in the larger narrative of the world, and its important to keep writing out of those experiences. Interestingly, both writers are immigrants to the US, Mengetsu as a toddler and Diaz as a teen. That seems to have influenced their writing and style, and in turn caught the Foundations eye, which said of Diaz that he creates nuanced and engaging characters struggling to succeed and often invisible in plain sight to the American mainstream. Diaz reflected on the honor of the award in an interview with AP: It left me thinking about my childhood †¦ It would never have dawned on me to think such a thing was possible for me †¦ struggling with poverty, struggling with English. †¦ I came from a community that was about as hard-working as you can get and yet no one saw or recognized in any way our contributions or our genius. †¦ I have to wonder, but for circumstances, how many other kids that I came up with are more worthy of this fellowship than me? Junot Diaz The Columbian author also said the grant would be  transformational for him and his work. It allows you to focus on your art with very little other concerns. Its kind of like a big blast of privilege. For those whove never heard of the grant or its criteria, the Foundations website offers some information for aspiring geniuses: The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation supports creative people and effective institutions committed to building a more just, verdant, and peaceful world [It]  awards five-year, unrestricted fellowships to individuals across all ages and fields who show exceptional merit and promise of continued creative work. A full list of the recipients and their bios can be found at the MacArthur Foundations page for the fellows of 2012. Among them is the creator of The Wire, two filmmakers, a pediatric neurosurgeon at Boston Childrens Hospital, and   a certain mandolin player who incredibly thought this life-changing call was a robocall. You can read more on that, here. Study Guides for Junot Diaz: The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao Drown Fiesta, 1980 The Sun, The Moon, The Stars

Free Essays on Imagine World Peace

John Lennon’s song â€Å"Imagine† is by all means a classic which will endure in the hearts of many. It has many aspects that make it the ideal song for such a project, from its musical quality, to its imperative message of peace. Lennon’s melodic style conveys a poignant innocence, which complements the theme of the song perfectly. The music stays simple and seems to grasp the lyrics without a seam. It is the type of song that will appeal to almost anyone who hears it because of its rhythmic, almost hypnotic sound. I don’t know what the music of the â€Å"future† will sound like, but I believe a song like this is one that can be enjoyed by all generations to come. It isn’t the music of our generation today; not rock with heavy distortion, or rap with deafening bass, nor is it the synthesized Rhytem and Blues many people choose to listen to. It is the type of song that touches a person’s heart, the kind of music I listen to because I can feel it. This selection is a more instrumental rock that is set apart from all other genres, deserving of the reverence received in the decades past, and for those to come. This song is truly a tribute to great music, and has been likened to the twentieth centuries answer to Beethoven’s â€Å"Moonlight Sonata† and Bach’s â€Å"Fantasia†. In that regard, this song is seen as one the greatest songs of our century, and isn’t that the type of musical merit we should consider when selecting the one song to represent us in the capsule? The song itself is asking that we see the world consciously, and don’t just coast by on what others have established as right. It wants you to invoke thought upon life as your own person to decide what it is you believe in. The idea of this song is one that could easily be thrown out as a contradictory if it weren’t for the way Lennon portrays it. He wants you to imagine (hence the title) it as he does and infer from your own judgment what you believe. J... Free Essays on Imagine World Peace Free Essays on Imagine World Peace John Lennon’s song â€Å"Imagine† is by all means a classic which will endure in the hearts of many. It has many aspects that make it the ideal song for such a project, from its musical quality, to its imperative message of peace. Lennon’s melodic style conveys a poignant innocence, which complements the theme of the song perfectly. The music stays simple and seems to grasp the lyrics without a seam. It is the type of song that will appeal to almost anyone who hears it because of its rhythmic, almost hypnotic sound. I don’t know what the music of the â€Å"future† will sound like, but I believe a song like this is one that can be enjoyed by all generations to come. It isn’t the music of our generation today; not rock with heavy distortion, or rap with deafening bass, nor is it the synthesized Rhytem and Blues many people choose to listen to. It is the type of song that touches a person’s heart, the kind of music I listen to because I can feel it. This selection is a more instrumental rock that is set apart from all other genres, deserving of the reverence received in the decades past, and for those to come. This song is truly a tribute to great music, and has been likened to the twentieth centuries answer to Beethoven’s â€Å"Moonlight Sonata† and Bach’s â€Å"Fantasia†. In that regard, this song is seen as one the greatest songs of our century, and isn’t that the type of musical merit we should consider when selecting the one song to represent us in the capsule? The song itself is asking that we see the world consciously, and don’t just coast by on what others have established as right. It wants you to invoke thought upon life as your own person to decide what it is you believe in. The idea of this song is one that could easily be thrown out as a contradictory if it weren’t for the way Lennon portrays it. He wants you to imagine (hence the title) it as he does and infer from your own judgment what you believe. J...

Management info Systems Project WK3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management info Systems Project WK3 - Essay Example st important advance in e-commerce with regards to SCM is the increasing use of electronic marketplaces that enhance many suppliers and thousands of customers. However, the significance of the marketplace is to have numerous suppliers competing over prices. Therefore, the integration of e-commerce, value chain analysis and supply chain management automate the purchasing and selling of goods and services by an organization. Therefore, more research questions come in mind 1) what are the impacts of e-commerce in an organization, 2) what are the beneficial opportunities for application of e-commerce in a business etc. These questions fascinate me and that is why I am so interested in researching on the same. Bidgoli on chapter 8 thoroughly explores e-commerce and differentiates it with ancient models. This chapter will give me an opportunity to understand e-commerce so as to apply it in supply chain management. Geunes researches on the application of supply chain and e-commerce in an organization. The book provides answers to my research questions because it expounds on the benefits of integrating e-commerce and supply chain management and the benefits that result from this integration. Rekha further has explored the impacts of e-commerce on supply chain management. He has highlighted and provided insightful thoughts that will greatly assist me in my final project. Therefore, i belive that this journal will help me achieve my

Goals and Objectives Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Goals and Objectives Assignment - Essay Example The event product or purpose is important because it presents the attendees with opportunities to network and find out more about it from other attendees. The reason for the symposium is clearly pivotal for setting the basis for issues that will be tackled in the course of the event. Lastly, the location for the symposium is crucial for organizers to plan and determine the setting. One detail that can be used to develop the goal is the names and profiles of the attending students. Knowing the performance of each student can help know the product or ends of the symposium in terms of what the attendees want addressed. Offering an environment for graduates to share their findings relates to the symposium in the sense that it determines how good the presenter’s planning will be. Offering graduates experiencing in presenting in an educational context relates to the symposium in the sense that it sharpens their time management skills. Lastly, forming networking opportunities relates to the symposium in the sense that attendees need to interact with each other and expound on the presentations. The objective for giving each presenter 15 minutes to present is measurable with a timer on their presenting devices and possibly another on the desk immediately before them. The objective of giving all formats a total of 25 minutes is measurable by timers on the presenter’s desks and the length of each slide. Lastly, the objective of 20 minute morning breaks relates is measurable through the amount of time needed for attendees to leave their seats, head outside or to rests rooms, and interact with others before coming back to the symposium. A different objective for goal one is submitting an abstract that will be accessible on the internet. This objective is an action because it alerts the presenter of the amount of time he or she has for presentation, Q&A, and the next presentation. For the second

Situational Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Situational Leadership - Assignment Example This model portrays leadership as to having two dimensions. They said that these dimensions were; leaders who were task oriented and leaders who were relationship oriented. The leaders who were relationship oriented laid more emphasis on their relationship with their followers. They tend to create a good working environment by enhancing good relations and follower appreciation. On the other hand is the task oriented leaders who will stop at nothing to achieve their goals or accomplish their professional duties. This meant they are solely determined to perform their tasks irrespective of their relations with the followers This model categorized follower maturity in to four levels. The levels were; the high maturity, moderate maturity which was subdivided into two and finally the low maturity. Each of these levels was characterized by the difference in ability and willingness of an individual. Prior to that, the model had relative comparison of the relationship behavior and the task behavior. This relative comparison gave rise to four quadrants. This model was expressed diagrammatically as illustrated below. In the leadership behavior model we have the four quadrants S1, S2, S3 and S4. (S1) represents low relation and high task leadership behavior. They said that this type of behavior is where the follower character is unable and unwilling and this requires maximum supervision of performance. He referred to this as telling style. The next quadrant (S2) represents a high task high relationship leadership behavior characterized by an unable but willing follower. The situation exhibited here is where the leader gives instruction but expects clarification from the follower. Hersey and Blanchard recommend this a selling style. Quadrant (S3) represents a leadership behavior characterized by high relation and low task which corresponds to unable but unwilling follower. They said that in this situation there ought to be participation. By participation

Marketing discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing discussion - Essay Example The present-day Oscar Mayer campaign is still working to lure moms in similar fashion. Plus, much of it is tapping into current parents' feelings of nostalgia. The target consumer being moms makes a sense, as they are the decision makers of what their child will eat. They establishes relationships with kids by getting the brand name in their vocabulary, and by simultaneously establishing trust with parents. The Internet provides a wealth of new opportunities for solidifying those bonds. Once a target market is identified, the key is to focus on reaching those markets and try not to worry about who you might be missing. The more important aspect is to focus on improving service to your primary customer base. In the long run that is what will make a company successful. After establishing what your message is and whom you are targeting, the brand owner should use all communication from napkins and uniforms to signage and employee conduct to reinforce that connection. The idea is to get the communication going and way it is been established. It can be TV, Internet, magazine or hoardings etc. No matter what medium is in use, main focus should be on the way it is being done and getting the message straight. Successful brands are always serving, learning and caring about their customers; these companies realize that their business and their brands will die if they take their customers for granted or confuse them with conflicting messages. Your message must be credible, unique, and relevant to the needs of your target customer. Your message will be a combination of direct (tag lines, copy, special offers, etc) and indirect (style, brand, images, relational, ease of call-to-action, uniqueness, clarity, etc.) You must best present your message according to the information and marketing preferences of your most profitable target

Customer Satisfaction Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Satisfaction Measurement - Essay Example Net Promoter measures the loyalty of the customer while the J.D power and Associates measure the customer service. Net promoter is useful because it is a practical method. It has several advantages such as its simplicity (The Net Promoter). It applies the use of questioning through taking up a survey. It uses the Net Promoter Score to determine the business line and even the customer service. It is easy to use unlike other complicated indexes. The company may choose to use a phone, email, or web to conduct its surveys. The Net Promoter has a quick follow-up. This index gives the feedback of customers on time whenever it is assigned to investigate on them. Its work is to contact the company manager and give updates concerning his customers. The Net Promoter is a growing body with a lot of experiences; this implies that it has a lot of experiences. It has worked for several companies (The Net Promoter). It has the ability adaptability hence flexible to any change that can occur at any given time. J.D Associates is popular for its consumer surveys. It is best for conducting automotive surveys in most industries. This index ensures that the customers’ satisfaction is under achievement level (J. D. Power). Its main emphasis is on the effective handling service to customers. It takes into account five measures to determine the overall satisfaction of the customer. It ensures that customers have the required repair and maintenance for their vehicles hence keeping them satisfied with their service. The results shown by the two indexes help the company to identify the customer satisfaction, point the unhappy customers, and get the advocates with full potential. Customer satisfaction survey provides the ratings of customers that can have a powerful effect to the company development. These effects aid the employees to gain focus in their work as a result, they push towards satisfying the customers’ expectations (The Net Promoter). They give warnings about

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Ethical Dilemma - Essay Example er will analyse such a dilemma in a particular case of Juana, a pregnant lady who refused blood transfusion due to religious beliefs and eventually died. In the light of case, if code of ethics provided by American Nurses Association is analysed, one can clearly see that autonomy and choice of treatment of a patient is given preference (ANA, 2001). Like if a patient refuses blood transfusion even in a critical scenario, the choice of patient would be respected. However in few states like in Illinois, the Supreme Court has intervened to take legal measures to give priority to save a human life (Illinois Supreme Court, 1996). The principles applied to the case are of compassion, justice, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and respect. All the principles commonly state to act upon the patient’s free will to accept treatment which is not in conflict to her/ his beliefs keeping in view that patient is not intentional harmed. Principle of veracity also applies which states that healthcare providers should be truthful to the patients and must allow the patients to make an informed decision (Gardiner, 2003). Analysing the case with a personal perspective, it is though obvious that the nurses followed ethical principles and did not compromise the beliefs of the patient; however the life of patient and fetus had been compromised. The nursing staff had followed the code of ethics given by American Nursing Association which is in conformance with other ethical principles. If the patient had been treated with the blood transfusion, her life could be saved but her regret to live out of her religious morality would ever make her repent. People have emotional associations with their beliefs and values that must be respected. But one can disagree with the decision the patient and her family (husband) as beliefs are only perceptions and they are not more valuable than the human life. It could be possible to take immediate help of a bishop provide guidance in case of severe

Marketing discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing discussion - Essay Example The present-day Oscar Mayer campaign is still working to lure moms in similar fashion. Plus, much of it is tapping into current parents' feelings of nostalgia. The target consumer being moms makes a sense, as they are the decision makers of what their child will eat. They establishes relationships with kids by getting the brand name in their vocabulary, and by simultaneously establishing trust with parents. The Internet provides a wealth of new opportunities for solidifying those bonds. Once a target market is identified, the key is to focus on reaching those markets and try not to worry about who you might be missing. The more important aspect is to focus on improving service to your primary customer base. In the long run that is what will make a company successful. After establishing what your message is and whom you are targeting, the brand owner should use all communication from napkins and uniforms to signage and employee conduct to reinforce that connection. The idea is to get the communication going and way it is been established. It can be TV, Internet, magazine or hoardings etc. No matter what medium is in use, main focus should be on the way it is being done and getting the message straight. Successful brands are always serving, learning and caring about their customers; these companies realize that their business and their brands will die if they take their customers for granted or confuse them with conflicting messages. Your message must be credible, unique, and relevant to the needs of your target customer. Your message will be a combination of direct (tag lines, copy, special offers, etc) and indirect (style, brand, images, relational, ease of call-to-action, uniqueness, clarity, etc.) You must best present your message according to the information and marketing preferences of your most profitable target

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Ethical Dilemma - Essay Example er will analyse such a dilemma in a particular case of Juana, a pregnant lady who refused blood transfusion due to religious beliefs and eventually died. In the light of case, if code of ethics provided by American Nurses Association is analysed, one can clearly see that autonomy and choice of treatment of a patient is given preference (ANA, 2001). Like if a patient refuses blood transfusion even in a critical scenario, the choice of patient would be respected. However in few states like in Illinois, the Supreme Court has intervened to take legal measures to give priority to save a human life (Illinois Supreme Court, 1996). The principles applied to the case are of compassion, justice, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and respect. All the principles commonly state to act upon the patient’s free will to accept treatment which is not in conflict to her/ his beliefs keeping in view that patient is not intentional harmed. Principle of veracity also applies which states that healthcare providers should be truthful to the patients and must allow the patients to make an informed decision (Gardiner, 2003). Analysing the case with a personal perspective, it is though obvious that the nurses followed ethical principles and did not compromise the beliefs of the patient; however the life of patient and fetus had been compromised. The nursing staff had followed the code of ethics given by American Nursing Association which is in conformance with other ethical principles. If the patient had been treated with the blood transfusion, her life could be saved but her regret to live out of her religious morality would ever make her repent. People have emotional associations with their beliefs and values that must be respected. But one can disagree with the decision the patient and her family (husband) as beliefs are only perceptions and they are not more valuable than the human life. It could be possible to take immediate help of a bishop provide guidance in case of severe

Information and Communication Technology in Higher Education Essay Example for Free

Information and Communication Technology in Higher Education Essay Introduction: Information and communication technology (ICT) is a force that has changed many aspects of the way we live. If one was to compare such fields as medicine, tourism, travel, business, law, banking, engineering and architecture, the impact of ICT across the past two or three decades has been enormous. The way these fields operate today is vastly different from the ways they operated in the past. But when one looks at education, there seems to have been an uncanny lack of influence and far less change than other fields have experienced. A number of people have attempted to explore this lack of activity and influence (e.g. Collis, 2002). There have been a number of factors impeding the wholesale uptake of ICT in education across all sectors. These have included such factors as a lack of funding to support the purchase of the technology, a lack of training among established teaching practitioners, a lack of motivation and need among teachers to adopt ICT as teaching tools (Starr, 2001). But in recent times, factors have emerged which have strengthened and encouraged moves to adopt ICTs into classrooms and learning settings. As we move into the 21st century, these factors and many others are bringing strong forces to bear on the adoption of ICTs in education and contemporary trends suggest we will soon see large scale changes in the way education is planned and delivered as a consequence of the opportunities and affordances of ICT. This paper seeks to explore the likely changes we will see in education as ICT acts as a powerful agent to change many of the educational practices to which we have become accustomed. In particular, the paper will explore the impact both current and emerging information and communication technologies will be likely to have in coming years on what is learned, when and where learning will take place and how the learning will occur. The impact of ICT on what is learned: Conventional teaching has emphasized content. For many years course have been written around textbooks. Teachers have taught through lectures and presentations interspersed with tutorials and learning activities designed to consolidate and rehearse the content. Contemporary settings are now favoring curricula that promote competency and performance. Curricula are starting to Emphasize capabilities and to be concerned more with how the information will be used than with what the information is. A. competency and performance-based curricula: The moves to competency and performance-based curricula are well supported and encouraged by emerging instructional technologies (e.g. Stephenson, 2001). Such curricula tend to require: access to a variety of information sources; access to a variety of information forms and types; student-centered learning settings based on information access and inquiry; learning environments centered on problem-centered and inquiry-based activities; authentic settings and examples; and teachers as coaches and mentors rather than content experts. Contemporary ICTs are able to provide strong support for all these requirements and there are now many outstanding examples of world class settings for competency and performance-based curricula that make sound use of the affordances of these technologies (e.g. Oliver, 2000). For many years, teachers wishing to adopt such curricula have been limited by their resources and tools but with the proliferation and widespread availability of contemporary ICTs, many Restrictions and impediments of the past have been removed. And new technologies will continue to drive these forms of learning further. As students and teachers gain access to higher Bandwidths, more direct forms of communication and access to sharable resources, the capability To support these quality learning settings will continue to grow. B. information literacy Another way in which emerging ICTs are impacting on the content of education curricula stems from the ways in which ICTs are dominating so much of contemporary life and work. Already There has emerged a need for educational institutions to ensure that graduates are able to display Appropriate levels of information literacy, â€Å"the capacity to identify and issue and then to identify, Locate and evaluate relevant information in order to engage with it or to solve a problem arising from it† (McCausland, Wache Berk, 1999, p.2). The drive to promote such developments Stems from general moves among institutions to ensure their graduates demonstrate not only skills and knowledge in their subject domains but also general attributes and generic skills. Traditionally generic skills have involved such capabilities as an ability to reason formally, to Solve problems, to communicate effectively, to be able to negotiate outcomes, to manage time, Project management, and collaboration and teamwork skills. The growing use of ICTs as tools of Every day life have seen the pool of generic skills expanded in recent years to include information Literacy and it is highly probable that future developments and technology applications will see This set of skills growing even more. The impact of ICT on how students learn Just as technology is influencing and supporting what is being learned in schools and universities, So too is it supporting changes to the way students are learning. Moves from content-centered Curricula to competency-based curricula are associated with moves away from teacher-centered Forms of delivery to student-centered forms. Through technology-facilitated approaches, Contemporary learning settings now encourage students to take responsibility for their own Learning .In the past students have become very comfortable to learning through transmissive Modes. Students have been trained to let others present to them the information that forms the Curriculum. The growing use of ICT as an instructional medium is changing and will likely Continue to change many of the strategies employed by both teachers and students in the learning Process. The following sections describe particular forms of learning that are gaining prominence in universities and schools worldwide. A. Student-centered learning Technology has the capacity to promote and encourage the transformation of education from a Very teacher directed enterprise to one which supports more student-centered models. Evidence of This today is manifested in: The proliferation of capability, competency and outcomes focused curricula Moves towards problem-based learning Increased use of the Web as an information source, Internet users are able to choose the Experts from whom they will learn The use of ICT in educational settings, by itself acts as a catalyst for change in this domain. ICTs By their very nature are tools that encourage and support independent learning. Students using ICTs for learning purposes become immersed in the process of learning and as more and more Students use computers as information sources and cognitive tools (e.g. Reeves Jonassen, 1996), the influence of the technology on supporting how students learn will continue to increase. B. Supporting knowledge construction The emergence of ICTs as learning technologies has coincided with a growing awareness and recognition of alternative theories for learning. The theories of learning that hold the greatest Sway today is those based on constructivist principles (e.g. Duffy Cunningham, 1996). These Principles posit that learning is achieved by the active construction of knowledge supported by various perspectives within meaningful contexts. The strengths of constructivism lie in its emphasis on learning as a process of personal understanding and the development of meaning in ways which are active and interpretative. In This domain learning is viewed as the construction of meaning rather than as the memorization of facts (e.g. Lebow, 1993; Jonassen Reeves, 1996). Learning approaches using contemporary ICTs provide many opportunities for constructivist learning through their provision and support for resource-based, student centered settings and by enabling learning to be related to context and to pract ice (e.g. Berge, 1998; Barron, 1998). As mentioned previously, any use of ICT in learning Settings can act to support various aspects of knowledge construction and as more and more Students employ ICTs in their learning processes, the more pronounced the impact of this will Become. The impact of ICT on when and where students learn In the past educational institutions have provided little choice for students in terms of the method And manner in which programs have been delivered. Students have typically been forced to Accept what has been delivered and institutions have tended to be quite staid and traditional in terms of the delivery of their programs. ICT applications provide many options and choices and Many institutions are now creating competitive edges for themselves through the choices they are offering students. A. Any place learning The concept of flexibility in the delivery place of educational programs is not new (e.g. Moore Kersey, 1996). Educational institutions have been offering programs at a distance for many Years and there has been a vast amount of research and development associated with establishing Effective practices and procedures in off-campus teaching and learning. Use of the technology, However, has extended the scope of this activity and whereas previously off-campus delivery was An option for students who were unable to attend campuses, today, many more students are able to make this choice through technology-facilitated learning settings. The scope and extent of this Activity is demonstrated in some of the examples below. The communications capabilities of modern technologies provide opportunities for many Learners to enroll in courses offered by external institutions rather than those situated locally. These opportunities provide such advantages as extended course offerings and eclectic class Cohorts comprised of students of differing backgrounds, cultures and perspectives. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  The freedoms of choice provided by programs that can be accessed at any place are also Supporting the delivery of programs with units and courses from a variety of institutions, There are now countless ways for students completing undergraduate degrees for example, to Study units for a single degree, through a number of different institutions, an activity that Provides considerable diversity and choice for students in the programs they complete. B. Any time learning In concert with geographical flexibility, technology-facilitated educational programs also remove Many of the temporal constraints that face learners with special needs (e.g. Moore Kearsley, 1996). Students are starting to appreciate the capability to undertake education anywhere, Anytime and any place. This flexibility has heightened the availability of just-in-time learning and provided learning opportunities for many more learners who previously were constrained by other commitments (e.g. Young, 2002). Through online technologies learning has become an activity that is no longer set within Programmed schedules and slots. Learners are free to participate in learning activities when time permits and these freedoms have greatly increased the opportunities for many students to Participate in formal programs. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  The wide varieties of technologies that support learning are able to provide asynchronous Supports for learning so that the need for real-time participation can be avoided while the Advantages of communication and collaboration with other learners are retained. Emerging Issues A number of other issues have emerged from the uptake of technology whose impacts have yet to Be fully explored. These include changes to the makeup of the teacher pool, changes to the Profile of who are the learners in our courses and paramount in all of this, changes in the costing And economics of course delivery. A. expanding the pool of teachers In the past, the role of teacher in an educational institution was a role given to only highly qualified people. With technology-facilitated learning, there are now opportunities to extend the Teaching pool beyond this specialist set to include many more people. The changing role of the Teacher has seen increased opportunities for others to participate in the process including Workplace trainers, mentors, specialists from the workplace and others. Through the affordances And capabilities of technology, today we have a much expanded pool of teachers with varying Roles able to provide support for learners in a variety of flexible settings. This trend seems set to Continue and to grow with new ICT developments and applications. And within this changed pool of teachers will come changed responsibilities and skill sets for future teaching involving high levels of ICT and the need for more facilitative than didactic teaching roles. B. expanding the pool of students In the past, education has been a privilege and an opportunity that often was unavailable to many students whose situation did not fit the mainstream. Through the flexibilities provided by technology, many students who previously were unable to participate in educational activities are now finding opportunities to do so. The pool of students is changing and will continue to change as more and more people who have a need for education and training are able to take advantage of the increased opportunities. Interesting opportunities are now being observed among, for example, school students studying university courses to overcome limitations in their school programs and workers undertaking courses from their desktops. C. The cost of education Traditional thinking has always been that technology-facilitated learning would provide economies and efficiencies that would see significant reductions in the costs associated with the delivery of educational programs. The costs would come from the ability to create courses with fixed establishment costs, for example technology-based courses, and for which there would be savings in delivery through large scale uptake. We have already seen a number of virtual universities built around technology delivery alone. The reality is that few institutions have been able to realize these aims for economy. There appear to have been many underestimated costs in such areas as course development and course delivery. The costs associated with the development of high quality technology-facilitated learning materials are quite high. It has found to be more than a matter of repackaging existing materials and large scale reengineering has been found to be necessary with large scale costs. Likewise costs associated with delivery have not been found to diminish as expected. The main reason for this has been the need to maintain a relatively stable student to staff ratio and the expectation of students that they will have access to teachers in their courses and programs. Compared to traditional forms of off-campus learning, technology-facilitated learning has proven to be quite expensive in all areas of consideration, infrastructure, course development and course delivery. We may have to brace ourselves for the advantages and affordances which will improve the quality of education in the near future to also increase components of the cost. Efforts of Indian government in this aspect Realizing the importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) the Ministry of Human Resource Development as per the Mission Document, ICT is the tool in education available to enhance the current enrolment rate in Higher Education, at present 15 percent to 30 percent by the end of the 11th Plan period. The Ministry also launched a web portal named â€Å"SAKSHAT† a ‘One Stop Education Portal’. The high quality e-content once developed will be uploaded on SAKSHAT in all disciplines and subjects. Several projects are in the completion stage and are expected to change the way teaching and learning is done in India. The Mission has two major components viz., (a) content generation and (b) connectivity along with provision for access devices for institutions and learners. It seeks to bRDge the digital divide, i.e., the gap in the skills to use computing devices for the purpose of teaching and learning among urban and rural teachers/learners in Higher Education domain and empower those, who have hitherto remained untouched by the digital revolution and have not been able to join the mainstream of the knowledge economy. It plans to focus on appropriate pedagogy for e-learning, providing facility of performing experiments through virtual laboratories, on-line testing and certification, on-line availability of teachers to guide and mentor learners, utilization of available Education Satellite (EduSAT) and Direct to Home (DTH) platforms, training and empowerment of teachers to effectively use the new method of teaching learning etc. On the one hand, the Mission would create high quality e-content for the target groups and on the other, it would simultaneously seek to extend computer infrastructure and connectivity to over 18000 colleges in the country including each of the departments of nearly 400 universities/deemed universities and institutions of national importance. The peer group assisted content development would utilize the Wikipedia type of collaborative platform under the supervision of a content advisory committee responsible for vetting the content. Interactivity and problem solving approach would be addressed through â€Å"Talk to a Teacher† segment. It is an opportunity as well as a challenge for the bright faculty members of our Universities and Institutions of Excellence to invest their intellectual capital for the knowledge empowerment of all the learners of our Country. We need to synergize our individual efforts in this direction. Summary and Conclusions This paper has sought to explore the role of ICT in education as we progress into the 21st century. In particular the paper has argued that ICTs have impacted on educational practice in education to date in quite small ways but that the impact will grow considerably in years to come and that ICT will become a strong agent for change among many educational practices. Extrapolating current activities and practices, the continued use and development of ICTs within education will have a strong impact on: What is learned; How it is learned; When and where learning takes place; Who is learning and who is teaching. To ensure that the opportunities and advantages are realized, it will be important as it is in every other walk of life to ensure that the educational research and development dollar is sustained so that education at large can learn from within and that experiences and activities in different institutions and sectors can inform and guide others without the continual need for re-invention of the wheel. Once again ICTs serve to provide the means for much of this activity to realize the potential it holds. References Collis, B. (2002). Information technologies for education and training. In Adelsberger, H., Collis, B, Pawlowski, J. (Eds.) Handbook on Technologies for Information and Training. Berlin: Springer Verlag. Duffy, T., Cunningham, D. (1996). Constructivism: Implications for the design and delivery of instruction, Handbook of research for educational telecommunications and technology (pp. 170-198). New York: MacMillan. Oliver, R. (2000). Creating Meaningful Contexts for Learning in Web-based Settings. Proceedings of Open Learning 2000. (pp 53-62). Brisbane: Learning Network, Queensland. Oliver, R. Towers, S. (2000). Benchmarking ICT literacy in tertiary learning settings. In R. Sims, M. O’Reilly S. Sawkins (Eds). Learning to choose: Choosing to learn. Proceedings of the 17th Annual ASCILITE Conference (pp 381-390). Lismore, NSW: Southern Cross University Press. Soloway, E. Pryor, A. (1996). The next generation in human-computer interaction. Communications of the ACM, 39(4), 16-18. Starr, L. (2001). Available at http://www.education-world.com/a_tech/tech075.shtml [Accessed July 2002]. Stephenson, J., Ed. (2001). Learner-managed learning- an emerging pedagogy for online learning. Teaching and Learning Online: Pedagogies for New Technologies. London, Kogan Page. Young, J. (2002). The 24-hour professor. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 48(38), 31-33.

Sample Code of API’s Controls in Written Javascript

Sample Code of API’s Controls in Written Javascript use strict //function to load Facebook JavaScript. var loadFacebookJS = function () { blockUI(); if (!$(#modalWindowDivControl #FacebookDivision).contents().find(.fb-share-button).attr(data-href)) { unBlockUI(); (function () { var e = document.createElement(script); e.type = text/javascript; e.src = document.location.protocol + //connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1appId=297301533752770; e.async = true; document.getElementById(fb-root).appendChild(e); } ()); } else { setTimeout(loadFacebookJS, 200); } } // freez the screen until the whole page loads function blockUI(controllerId, message) { controllerId = controllerId || ctl00_gridDiv; message = message || Processing Please Wait; message = + message + ; if ($(#blockMessage).length == 0) { $(# + controllerId).append($( ).attr(id, blockMessage).css(display, none).html(message)); } else { $(#blockMessage).html(message); var controller = $(# + controllerId).data(); if (controller != undefined controller != null controller[blockUI.isBlocked] != undefined controller[blockUI.isBlocked] != null controller[blockUI.isBlocked] == 1) return; } $(# + controllerId).block({ message: $(#blockMessage), css: { border: none, padding: 15px, backgroundColor: #eee, -webkit-border-radius: 10px, border-radius: 10px, opacity: .9, color: #444, display: inline, width: 35% } }); } function unBlockUI(controllerId) { controllerId = controllerId || ctl00_gridDiv; $(# + controllerId).unblock(); } LinedIn Js file use strict // funtion to check and load linkedin JS. var LoadLinkedinJS = function () { blockUI(); if (!$(#modalWindowDivControl #LinkedinFrame).contents().find(#LinkedinButton).attr(data-url)) { unBlockUI(); $.getScript(http://platform.linkedin.com/in.js); } else { setTimeout(LoadLinkedinJS, 200); } } // freez the screen until the whole page loads function blockUI(controllerId, message) { controllerId = controllerId || ctl00_gridDiv; message = message || Processing Please Wait; message = + message + ; if ($(#blockMessage).length == 0) { $(# + controllerId).append($( ).attr(id, blockMessage).css(display, none).html(message)); } else { $(#blockMessage).html(message); var controller = $(# + controllerId).data(); if (controller != undefined controller != null controller[blockUI.isBlocked] != undefined controller[blockUI.isBlocked] != null controller[blockUI.isBlocked] == 1) return; } $(# + controllerId).block({ message: $(#blockMessage), css: { border: none, padding: 15px, backgroundColor: #eee, -webkit-border-radius: 10px, border-radius: 10px, opacity: .9, color: #444, display: inline, width: 35% } }); } function unBlockUI(controllerId) { controllerId = controllerId || ctl00_gridDiv; $(# + controllerId).unblock(); } Job Share Modal window use strict //This JavaScript is Main script for all Social Networks Connections and Communication. //Created on 03/04/2014 //Created by Devank Agarwal var SocialNetworkingJavaScript = function () { var jobApplicationUrl = ; //function return the JobApplicationUrl this.CreateJobApplicationURl = function (JobId) { jobApplicationUrl = jobURL(JobId); // Alert to check the shared url. //alert(jobApplicationUrl); return jobApplicationUrl; } //function that creates dynamic url including tenant,source,user and job id. function jobURL(JobId) { var host = location.host; var URL = ; // Just a dummy url to make the it run on localhost. if (host.indexOf(ams.hirepro.in) != -1||host.indexOf(db1.hirepro.in)!=-1) { URL = getLiveUrl(); } else { URL = http://d.ams.hirepro.in/amserdemo/public/JobApplication/Default.aspx/?; URL += getTenantUserAndJobIDEncryption(); } //alert(URL); return URL; } //function to get all the values for queryString. var escapedURL = function () { var alias = getTenantAdamInfo().TenantAlias; var SourceId = getSourceId(); var UserId = readCookie(userId); var EncrpytedJobId = $(#control_Use_It_For_Setting_Attributes).attr(RecentlyEncryptedJobId); //alert to check the values //return (alias%3D + alias + %25userid%3D + UserId + %25sourceid%3D + SourceId + %25jobid%3D + JobId); return (alias= + alias + userid= + UserId + sourceid= + SourceId + jobid= + EncrpytedJobId); } // function to fect virtual path of that hosting dynamically. var fetchVirtualDirectoryName = function () { var arrayOfPathName = location.pathname.split(/); return arrayOfPathName[1]; } // function to get encrypted source id from the hidden field. var getSourceId = function () { return $(# + GetClientId(hfEncryptedSourceId)).val(); } // function to escape the url but presently not used. var getTenantUserAndJobIDEncryption = function () { var URL = escapedURL(); //return escape(URL); return URL; } // function to get the live url dynamically. var getLiveUrl = function () { var protocol = location.protocol; var hostName = location.hostname; var host = location.host; var liveURL = ; liveURL += protocol + // + host + /; liveURL += (host.indexOf(:) == -1) ? fetchVirtualDirectoryName() : ; liveURL += /public/JobApplication/?; liveURL += getTenantUserAndJobIDEncryption(); return liveURL; } } HTML code for Share job Modal window Email Direct Hi, I would like to announce a new job opening in our organization. A complete job description is available on the link provided below. Eligible individuals interested in applying for this position may submit an application on the link below Social Media style=border-style: none; border-color: inherit; border-width: medium; overflow: hidden; scrolling=no> frameborder=0 style=border-style: none; height: 350px; width: 100%; border-color: inherit; border-width: medium; overflow: hidden;>

A Normal Way of Life Essay example -- Family Normality Culture Essays

A Normal Way of Life What is "normal" in American culture? I believe my family is "normal" and my friends believe that of their families, too. Yet, our families are so different. How can that be? Everyone has an ideal image of a "normal" family according to the way they live. I believe "normal" to be a mother, a father, and kids living in the same house with three cars and a pool to be normal. My family has a strong set of beliefs, traditions, and artifacts that compile into my ideal image of "normal". I am of French, German, and Polish decent. My parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents lived in Michigan their entire lives. My mother's side was from Warren and my father's from Pontiac. Growing up my parents went to a Catholic school and became high school sweethearts. My mother and father were not very well off growing up and it seemed to stay that way early into their marriage. My father became a builder at the young age of twenty-three. My mother once told me that after they moved into their first home, they couldn't even afford a dishwasher. My mother was a medical assistant up until I was three and she hasn't worked since. I was fortunate enough to have my mother home with me when I was younger. A lot of children I went to elementary school with weren't as lucky. Growing up my brother, parents, and I all lived in a small, ranch-style home in Sterling Heights. We had a nice yard, two cars, and a basketball hoop. This was typical if you looked down our street. Once I hit f ifth grade our house went up for sale and we moved to Washington Township. Our home was bigger now and the people in the neighborhood were fairly different also. They thought that we lived on Rodeo Drive. We moved again when I was in ninth grade... ...her siblings, and my grandparents grew up living in. I love that house. It reminds me of my grandma. After she died my grandfather moved out, but my uncle moved in. He and his family now live in it, so it is still part of our family. My "normal" has been declared as a loving mother and father with kids and a nice home in American culture. Still there are many extremes in American families today which others believe to be "normal". One-day kids will believe having parents of the same sex is "normal". Our America is ever changing as is our ideas of American normalcy. So, compared to children who don't have two parents and a car to drive or food in their cupboards my family is "normal". Works Cited Alvarez, Louis and Andrew Kolker, directors. People Like Us: Social Class in America. PBS.WDET, Detroit. 23 September 2001. 26 October 2001. Online Transcript.

Macbeth essay :: essays research papers

Macbeth is one of the most gruesome plays ever in the history of theater and play writing. Throughout the play, there were various acts or quotes that gave example of the dark and bloody theme of the play. One of the many themes of this play, is fair is foul, foul is fair. This theme shows how foul play and evil helps the characters succeed in their lives. Many times, this foul play gets the characters into trouble. The theme fair is foul, foul is fair is a great theme to express the feeling and tone set in this play   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the play begins, three witches are gathered together chanting fair is foul, foul is fair. Right in the beginning the mood is set in a gloomy tone. A bloody man then came in to report that Macbeth and Banquo had fought. For Macbeth’s bravery, Duncan made Macbeth thane of Cawdor. This is a good thing because it gave Macbeth more power. The bad part is that later Macbeth will kill Duncan to become king. Not to long after, Macbeth looks at the weather and says, â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen.† This refers to the gloomy weather that has come over, which also helps in setting the tone. In the play, Macbeth also mentions, â€Å"If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir.† This basically means that if Macbeth is crowned as king, he will not have a problem with that, but he is not going to go out of his way to become the king. Lady Macbeth had a few things to do or say, which incorporated into the theme fair is foul, foul is fair. Lady Macbeth is a woman, but is meaner, and fiercer than a man. She also casts spells to make herself even more evil and manly. This phase slowly declines as the play goes on, and she becomes more and more afraid of what she has done. Also, Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to look like an innocent flower, but be serpent under it. This is a great example of fair is foul, foul is fair. She is basically telling Macbeth to look kind and innocent, but to act out his evil that is deep down inside of him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death is also an object used to fit into this theme in various parts of the play.

Project Management Essay

Project management is one of the most important and critical tool or technique, which defines the entire course of development of any kind of project. Project management works as an ignition for the chain reaction of the whole development cycle. It also helps to layout each and every step of the development cycle and defines the action plan to be followed during the risk-conditions. Not only this, project management methodologies help track down the success rate for a project and improve the understandability of the workforce. Conventionally, any project management approach revolves around the 5 basic processes involved in project management, named as: †¢ Initiation: This step determines the nature and scope of the project. All the basic elements of the project like requirements analysis and feasibility, review of current operations, goals are determined. It is the most crucial stage and if performed incorrectly, results in the failure of the whole project. †¢ Planning & design: This stage basically helps to plan time, cost, and resource during the course of the development. Risk planning is also performed to effectively tackle uncertainties. †¢ Executing consists of the activities used in the process to work in sync with the project plan so as to meet the deadlines of different milestones. †¢ Monitoring & control: These processes verify and validate the activities and their sequence and timelines with the project plan. The quality of activities is also considered here. †¢ Closing includes the formal acceptance of the product so developed. Administrative and other formal activities are performed to release the product to the end-user or client after thorough testing. Different project management approaches are designed for easily carrying out the different process in a planned way for accomplishing all the requirements. Each approach have key feature of its own which keeps the activities in sync with the project plan. Some project management approaches are: †¢ The traditional approach: This approach is the most basic approach in project management. It is quite similar to the waterfall model in software development services. All the five processes are executed in sequence, with the extension of recursive-ness of a few processes to support the development cycle. †¢ PRINCE2: It is a structured approach for project management introduced in 1996. It posses the  key feature of automatic control of any deviation observed against the project plan. Each specified process in this approach, has its key input and output with the associated activities to be performed and specified goals of those activities. Processes are divided into manageable stages and close monitoring of each stage results in an organized and controlled rolling out of activities. †¢ Lean Project-management: This approach to project management is based on the concept of lean-manufacturing. Lean-manufacturing is centered on the elimination of wastage in order to minimize the cost of production and hence improving the quality of the product. †¢ Event Chain methodology: It has a key feature of identifying and managing events and event chains which affects the schedule of the projects. This approach helps in handling the negative impact & allows the modeling of uncertainties in project schedule. However, it is not necessary that all the project management methodologies work well. In the dynamic industry environment, the basic aim of any project management strategy is to accomplish a task. However, it should be within the allocated budget and time while maintaining the quality of the final product. Project management approaches enable organisations to accomplish projects efficiently, addressing both internal constraints and dynamic external situations in the interim. Project management enables organisations to prevent or remove internal project constraints and also adapt to unforeseen changes in project scope or goals. An organisation can, depending on its requirements, either adopt a standard project management approach or combine multiple approaches. Additionally, an organisation has the advantage of project management software applications which facilitates intelligent planning, constraint removal and monitoring of projects. Here is a list of standard project management approaches. Traditional approach The traditional approach assumes that the project scope and goals will remain constant till project completion. Obviously, a project manager plans and identifies project resources based on this assumption. The traditional approach lays down the following project phases: †¢ Project initiation †¢ Project planning and design †¢ Project monitoring and control †¢ Project execution †¢ Project completion Since the approach is inherently rigid, many organisations may choose a hybrid project management approach. Critical chain approach The approach assumes that at least one constraint (behavioural or process-related) is likely to hinder projects which utilise complex processes and a large number of cross-functional teams. The approach recommends the use of behavioural and mathematical sciences to first predict, and then analyse and remove constraints. The project team can use data to remove the constraints. For example, if productivity is a foreseen concern, then a project manager could track the actual time spent by team members on the job. This approach is useful in sending quality deliverables on time by proactively removing constraints. Extreme project approach This approach is suitable for projects which handle dynamic situations, such as, changing customer requirements. Often, it may not be possible to obtain a full clarity of requirements and a project may purely be guided by market changes. The mobile phone industry, which experiences rapid changes, is a case in point. The project team, hence, plans purely on the basis of the currently available data and depending on requirement changes, modifies plans. Event chain project approach According to this approach, a single constraint can create a chain of constraints and severely impede a project. For example, in a project, if several departments depend on one another, then constraints in any one department can negatively impact the productivity of downstream departments. A project team can use past data to foresee a negative event and identify  preventive measures. Reliable data, collected over time, can even help track event chains. The Gantt chart is a popular event chain tracking tool. The event chain approach, hence, could be an excellent problem solving approach for critical projects. Project management software — how useful is it? Project management software capabilities have expanded notably and it gives more than just scheduling meetings and activities. A project management tool can estimate the effort, monitor project progress and highlight risks. It can also preserve historical data on past projects, which can be extremely useful in foreseeing constraints. Project management tools are available as desktop, web-based and collaborative applications and they are compatible for every type of project management approach. Many organisations have begun to adopt a hybrid project management approach, by combining the best features of standard project management approaches. This approach has been beneficial and indeed goes to show how flexible the project management approaches are. Read more at http://www.business2community.com/strategy/differing-approaches-to-project-management-0154472#iEJ2HHvpfEMXGPye.99

Speech About Education in Indonesia

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Firstly, I would like to say thank because it is a great honor for me to stand here and give a brief speech entitled â€Å"Formal Education in Indonesia† Education system in our country is divided into two major parts, they are formal and non-formal. A formal education is divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary education. While non-formal education is carried out for the learners who get difficulties to meet the requirements in formal education. An example of non-formal education is PLS or Outside School Education.Before entering primary or elementary school, children in ourcountry usually have attended kindergarten. But this education is not compulsory for Indonesian citizens, as the aim of this is just to prepare them for primary school. Children ages 7–12 attend primary education at Elementary School. This level of education is compulsory for all Indonesian citizens. Similar to education systems in the U. S. and Aust ralia, students must study for six years to complete this level. Some schools offer an accelerated learning program, where students who perform well can finish elementary school in five years.The next level is secondary education. After graduating from elementary school, students attend Middle School or Junior High School for three years from the age of 13-15. After three years of schooling and graduation, students may move on to Senior High School. In Indonesia, this school is basically divided into two kinds: SMA and SMK. SMA is different with SMK in their studies. The students at SMA are prepared to advance totertiary education or university, while students of SMK as a vocational school are prepared to be ready to work after finishing their school without going to university/college.The last level of education in our country is tertiary education. Students who have graduated from senior high school may attend to university or academy. They can choose any kinds of university or ac ademy based on their interests or scopes of knowledge, for example majoring in English, Mathematics, or teacher training university. I think that’s all my speech. I hope my brief description on the formal education in our country will be useful for us. Finally, I would like to say sorry if there are mistakes in my speech words. Thank you very much for your attention. Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

An Over View Of The DHL Company

An Over View Of The DHL Company DHL has been able to create a strong image with the public through an extensive presence on the roads and a bold and bright brand. This has meant that this image has been maintained with minimal advertising, as DHL are advertising themselves and new services when the public see their fleet of vehicles on the road. Together with clever sponsorship of events such as Formula 1, this has resulted in the general public perception of DHL being a brand that is strong and reliable – two vital attributes in the logistics industry. However, there are still some areas for DHL to improve its communication strategy. By perhaps communicating employees an idea of the success of the service centre they work in, they could have a greater sense of belonging to DHL. Also, there could perhaps be more scope for DHL staff to communicate to higher levels of management if there is a need to, rather than going through various levels of the hierarchy. The revamping of the company magazine has been one way that DHL has combated this, by bringing the ideas of those at the very top of the hierarchy with those at the bottom. However, by doing this in a more work-related manner, communication may be improved. DHL Express DHL is a courier service that is currently active in more than 220 countries around the world and employs some 300,000 employees. Therefore good and clear communication throughout the organisation is vital. DHL’s success can only be achieved if a consistent message is delivered throughout the whole company. By aligning the message given internally to the message it conveys to its different external stakeholders, DHL has built a brand that is solid, respectable, and consistent. This is all the more impressive given that DHL has been taken over by another organisation-Deutsche Post – in the past 10 ten years. DHL’s mission statement has four main themes which contribute towards reaching the ‘DHL Vision’. This vision is that the company is trusted by customers as â€Å"the preferred global express and logistics partner, leading the industry in terms of quality, profitability and market share†. The four main parts of the mission statement cover issues such as product quality, quality of staff, returns of the business (again the three relate to different stakeholders), and finally DHL’s role as a responsible corporate citizen. Argenti (2003) argues that â€Å"firms need to consider their corporate communication effort as manifested in the company’s vision and mission statement†. Therefore, it is likely that these goals are at the centre of how DHL organises its communications effort. For example, DHL points towards its multi-cultural heritage and the ability of the company to find solutions at all levels of the business process. These are undeniably important assets to the company but are only useful if they can be incorporated into an effective communication model. Internal Communication Given the nature of the logistics industry, there is a need for a precise route for messages to be delivered on time. It comes as no surprise to see DHL’s UK hierarchy is one that is well-balanced and clear. Ken McCall, the MD of DHL Express UK sits atop the hierarchy. Next there is the board of nine Directors, who are reported to directly by the operations field director. He gains his information from the head of each of the 39 service centres in the UK. Within the service centre, the hierarchy has five levels, but cross-communication is much easier, especially amongst the bottom three levels. There is a head of the service centre, who manages a supervisor. Then there are the office staff and the sales team. There are then senior couriers before the lowest level made up of couriers and warehouse staff.

Summertime Dues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summertime Dues - Essay Example text is narrative since it captures the interest of the reader while focusing on the central theme of the character that students adopt during summer jobs. In addition, Kirn’s text takes the form of an expository text since it informs the reader about summer jobs and the lessons drawn from most of these jobs (Cooper et al. 146). The main theme of Kirn’s text has a basis on the character that students espouse during summer jobs. In this case, Kirn noted students who failed to work during the summer and choose other pursuits found themselves disadvantaged since they failed to learn some traits in modern day work although some of these traits may be mainly negative (364). In this case, Kirn is of the view that these characters developed during summer jobs are crucial in future jobs. Conversely, Kirn is of the view that summer jobs are merely political schemes or entitlement programs hatched to keep unruly kids busy and away from their parents (365). Kirn’s writing style is interesting. In this regard, only a few writers are able to inform as well as hold the reader’s interest all through the text. Kirn is in the group of exceptional writer, and the most interesting part of his style is that the article is informative, and it is thought provoking. In this case, this style of writing makes the reader to beginning questioning the rationale of summer jobs. In addition, the style of writing is interesting since it evokes a feeling of the need to prepare students by teaching them ethical practices before engaging in summer jobs. While it is evident that Kirn’s article is both expository and narrative, it would have been more appropriate for Kirn to strike a balance between the uses of these text types in the article. In this regard, the article appears to be more of a narrative. In effect, Kirn failed to present more facts on summer jobs by primarily dealing with his personal experiences. However, it would have been more appropriate for Kirn to present more

Writing a report about 4 presentations and discuss them each Coursework

Writing a report about 4 presentations and discuss them each presentation 2 pages - Coursework Example n time we may become addicted to the internet and this presentation allowed us to judge our usage of internet and whether we need to take steps to curtail our growing addiction. This topic is very important and should be taken up by every class. In terms of the presentation, I very acutely felt that at this level, groups should not be reading material from their notes or slides. They should come well-prepared. Even though the group was well dressed and presentable, they did not focus on delivering a strong presentation. The group was not very professional in my opinion and one member was too quiet. The final speaker did not seem well-rehearsed. Since the final speaker was not very convincing, at the conclusion, the presentation seemed to fall apart. Since the last part remains in the minds of the viewers the most, the presentation became weak due to this. The beginning and end should always be strong to retain interest of the viewers. The good point of the presentation was the fact that the group was able to properly define the scope of their topic. In this way, they were able to exclude irrelevant information which made the presentation crisp and easy to understand. This also made the conclusion clearer and easier to grasp. However, the presentation lacked a little due to the fact that it was not very interest grabbing. If the group had included case studies in the presentation, the topic would have become more interesting and the students would have taken the concept home. They could have taken people from their own surroundings and researched on them. A profile of these addicts could have been developed which would have made the presentation more appealing to us- the viewers. Apart from that, the research depended on scholarly research which made the research more credible. Additionally, the content was up-to-date and taken from 2011 studies which was another good point. This aspect of the research made it convincing and created a professional look of the

Civil Right Act of 1964 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Civil Right Act of 1964 - Research Paper Example 1. The first reason is the employer changing the terms of employment contract like the cases of deliberate cuts in payment, status or working hours 2. The second ground of a constructive discharge claim requires the breaching of contract by the employer in the form of bullying or ignoring complaints. 3. The third ground is the breaching of such rules which results to inequitable industrial practice. According to the constructive discharge act an individual is a prospective claimant of constructive discharge if the individual gives notice to the employer due to the reason of insufferable stressful and unpleasant work situation or due to the inequitable treatment met to the individual by the superiors or a co worker. When an employee resigns under such circumstances it is not considered by the law as a free will resignation but it is considered that the employer forcibly coerced the employee into resigning from the job. Here the employee files a case for constructive discharge because there is disagreement and clash of opinions. The conclusion that is reached by the erstwhile employee and complainant is that he/she has been forced to work on religious holy days, ans the working days have changed from former 5 day week to seven day week that working under this kind of environment is a type of harassment meted out by the company’s owners. According to the UK Equal Pay act of 1970 the law states that it is unlawful if discrimination in an organization occurs on the basis of remuneration or benefits that are provided to men and women employees. The act of Equal Pay of 1970 comes under the Act of Equal Opportunities Mr CEO Sir, in this case scenario it is seen that during third week as the elementary division manager, the company attorney notifies that a former employee has filed a case against the company under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, constructive discharge, after changes have been instituted in the work schedule. The employee, who quit afte r the policy change took effect, is alleging that the enforcement of the company’s new policy on shift work is discriminatory because the policy requires employees to work on a religious holy day. In the past, production employees worked Monday through Friday. As a result of company growth, the production schedule was changed at the beginning of the New Year, requiring employees to work 12-hour shifts with four days at work and then after working four days is given our days off. Now, the four work days can occur any day of the week, Mondays through Sundays. The entire production staff is required to work this rotating shift. However, office staff members, work between 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Mondays through Fridays. This changed work schedule does not meet the approval of the said complainant as now he/she would even have to work on Sundays if part of 4 day working schedule. She claims this new policy as discriminatory and intending to place curbs or restrictions on employee holiday on a Sunday. . â€Å"