A Phenomenon Of The Cold War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1713 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/11 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Cold War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The Cold War Events with the tribulations of Nazi Germany coming to an end, Adolf Hitlers suicide, and the definitive surrender of the Germans, it seemed that anticipation of an optimistic future was within reach, however, a new threat loomed not so shortly after with the Soviet Union establishing communist governments and the U.S.S.R. became the new face of adversary. The Cold War was the dynamic struggle between communism and capitalism after World War II causing merciless animosity between the east and the west. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Phenomenon Of The Cold War" essay for you Create order Two of the worlds superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, racing to reach ideological and political clout across the globe, and the advent of nuclear weaponry arming the powers to the teeth, leaves behind a swelling attention that humanitys end would be responsible by humanity itself. The Cold War is what held these entangled affairs throughout the time-frame of 1947 to 1991. The Cold War received the name given to it for both of the superpowers were anxious due the cataclysmic capabilities they held and thus wasnt much of a direct war. Knowing the nuclear power and devastation they could bring upon the world if they were to take action and conflict directly, a growing uncertainty dominated the minds of many, opening the query: when will the end come? In The Cold War: A New History the historian author, John Lewis Gaddis, ascertains the elements that connect both the Soviet Union in tandem with the United States from the beginnings, with the closure of World War II and the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, also known as the U.S.S.R., in purpose of delivering and understanding the events transpired in a more finite passage. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, the historian and author of The Gulag Archipelago provides an in-depth analysis to the dread carried out under the totalitarian regime within Russia by his own experience and documented observations inside the Gulag concentration camps as a prisoner. We will delve into what makes the Cold War significant, how it deeply affects the U.S. and hopefully instilling rationale to be cognizant of the relatively recent history. After World War II, the United States and the U.S.S.R. were the only nations with dominant, leading powers, with the United States bearing capitalism while communism belonging to the Soviet Union. Previously being allies during the war, their conflict of what made the principles of the Cold War spurred through ideological, geopolitical, and economical means with global endeavors. As the end of World War II came about, the U.S.S.R. initiated the expansion of communist governments in areas such as Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary, territories already occupied by Soviet Union troops to remain a predominant influence within the countries and have an intermediary between them and Germany. The United States, however, observed this to be communism enduring expansion across territories, setting up concern for the United States with their aspirations of capitalism and circulation of industrial products. Curiosity arose, searching answers as to what the Soviet goal was and what was Stali ns intention. George F. Kennan, a Foreign Service officer operating in the American embassy, introduced a policy, firstly noted as Kennans Long Telegram, later to be called Containment with the intent to keep communism wherever it is present but to not allow it to expand (Gaddis 25). Inspired by containment, President Harry Truman, declared in March 12, 1947, to supporting both Turkey and Greece in military and economic backing. This act was called the Truman Doctrine. John Lewis Gaddis, author of Cold War: A New History informs the readers on the expressions Truman made for the policy: He had done so in strikingly broad terms, insisting that it now must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. . . . [W]e must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. Stalin paid little attention to Trumans speech, although he did take time that spring to insist that a recently published history of philosophy be rewritten to minimize the deference it had shown to the West. (Gaddis 27) The speech, along being paired with the doctrine, set a nation exemplar for Americans in viewing the world with communism being the tyrannical threat and America being the land of the free with capitalism, and thus the marathon of the Cold War commenced. Fear consumed the minds of the Americans and any indication of exposed potential threats coming from Soviet territory made America haste to react properly in preparation in what the next moves were or what to produce. The containment policy in tandem with the Truman Doctrine established the roots to what developed the arms race, which is the principles to what the Cold War is notable for. For instance, the Americans discovered from their flight samples detecting radiation as well as fallout within Soviet territory, signaling that the Soviet Union developed their own bomb, with The Kremlin affirming the existence of it. As dread lingered in the idea that another superpower attained atomic capabilities, a competitive race was engaged for security. According to Gaddis on Americas reaction to the atomic monopoly, It would have to build more atomic bombs if it was to maintain a quantitative and qualitative lead over the U.S.S.R. (Gaddis 30). The driving fear between the two superpowers of conceivable dangers from east to west led Truman to even authorize bombs so devastating and destructive; it would be more powerful than even the ones dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On the date of January 31, 1950, the project to produce such a weapon, along with refilling the nuclear arsenal in general, was approved and called the hydrogen bomb. This action was also incentivized because producing more atomic bombs, even hydrogen bombs, would still be cheaper than what it would take to bring the army, navy, and air force back to anything approximating World War II levels (Gaddis 30). Although it may sound overwhelming to perpetuate escalation in such a highly volatile creation, were it so easy if the adversary not bare evil themselves. The Soviet Union possessed such catastrophic tribulations within the 20th century; it would seem to be a dangerous gambit to not ingest equipment of equal armament. As Joseph Stalins totalitarian reign continues over the U.S.S.R., the nation dived into degeneration and nihilism, often of the murderous nature. Man-made famine came about in banishing employer class farmers within the Soviet Union acclaiming employers oppress which goes against their communist ideals, forced collectivization of peasant land and agricultural components, livestock dwindling, attributing class guilt, and even forced labor camps to where those residing in it, some not aware of what theyve done to deserve it, were considered skeptics, enemies of the nation for not adopting the socialist system, or were individuals contaminated by the west. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, a Russian historian and a novelist, wrote the novel, The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956 An Experiment in Literary Investigation II-IV and details his experience to what it is like to be within the Gulag forced labor camps in his book. Solzhenitsyn illustrates on how unrelenting the conditions were and how severe unconformity was like. Solzhenitsyn exposes the falsified recordings within the camps throughout his narration: In cold lower than 60 degrees below zero, workdays were written off; in other words, on such days the records showed that the workers had not gone out to work; but they chased them out anyway, and whatever they squeezed out of them on those days was added to the other days, thereby raising the percentages. (And the servile Medical Section wrote off those who froze to death on such cold days on some other basis. And the ones who were left who could no longer walk and were straining every sinew to crawl along on all fours on the way back to camp , the convoy simply shot, so that they wouldnt escape before they could come back to get them.) (Solzhenitsyn 206). Solzhenitsyn reveals further that if you are weak, you are essentially executed or left to be killed from exhaustion, and those who were able to survive would feed upon garbage if you were lucky enough to be fed at all. There was much to fear in this time period of Americas history during The Cold War and the brewing trepidations between the east and the west produced dangers, hooded by paranoia and driven by grandiose ideological goals. The Cold War, directly after World War II was the indirect conflict between the Soviet Union and the United states. The Cold War accumulated such incredible discord between the two superpowers of the world. Being conscious of such a period of time is important for it revealed how much paranoia and avidity for influence can not only sway a nation and its people, but laid the tracks for calamity to fall upon the world itself. Cognizance to the events unfolds how evil can sprout and germinate when people believe that their knowledge, methods, or ideology is complete, and as soon as the assumption is made, tyranny and mayhem is granted a possible road that is alike from Hell. Observing what the mania produced with nations arming themselves with weapons of mass destruction, the totalitarian regime conducting any action to fulfill their goals no matter how heinous and inhumane, so shortly after World War II should illuminate anyone aware of these instances that it was not fictional, otherw orldly monsters that committed and allowed these barbaric events, but it was humanity itself and that the evil resides within us all, with no one to be exempt of it. To what I observed, the conflict wasnt merely just a battle between interpretations of the world, but a conflict between two ideas that were not aware of what the answers were to how the world should run and omitted to their a priori bias and engaged in justifying it in absence of dialogue. Although this is merely just a gross simplification to all the variables taken account to the events during The Cold War, to me it is clear that it played a significant role and the 20th century is an example to how chaos and nihilism can easily creep around the corners at any moment.

Positive And Negative Effects Of Technology - 801 Words

Our world has become an electronic playground. With the invention of new technology we have simplified and aided processes in countless fields. While electronic technology may be beneficial; it has some detrimental effects. Technology has had a massive, negative impact on our society: our children are learning differently, our social skills and ability to communicate are becoming compromised, and the invention of social media is becoming a leading cause to numerous mental health issues. Technology is taking over, like the apocalypse no one saw coming. The digital age has truly made the world a child’s oyster. Numerous new interfaces (via smartphone, tablet, laptop or other), have allowed allowed children to learn and explore in new ways†¦show more content†¦It is a sad reality that we are addicted to our phones, every time an individual responds to the ping of an instant message or text message, a small amount of dopamine is secreted in the brain as a reward, similar to being under the influence of drugs (Dokoupil, 2012). If we consider this, we warn our children of the dangers of drugs; why are we not doing more to protect them against the addiction to technology? A study done in 2010 showed that the more time people spend using the computer, the less time they spend in person with family or friends. (Nie Erbring, 2010). In simpler terms, as a society we are becoming more inept to social communication. Social media has become prevalent in our society. We live our lives through social media and spend our time updating statuses, making tweets, uploading photos, to show our followers, our â€Å"friends†, that we lead happy lives. People on social media tend to broadcast themselves in an optimal light. We give the impression of leading perfect lives while in reality, this is not always the truth. A study conducted in 2011 found that levels of self-esteem decreased as frequency of Facebook use and status updates increased (Schwartz, 2011). We perceive others around us as living such vivid lives, that we become self-conscious. Social media also appears to be stressing people out. A recent study, examined how social media impacted anxiety levels of 18-22 year olds. The more time spent on social mediaShow MoreRelatedPositive And Negative Effects Of Technology1600 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology is a very controversial topic in our modern day world. 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The Carbon Market and Energy Efficiency Targets in the EU Free Essays

Power Prospect 9.9MW Rice-Husk Power Plant: ( 2neodymiumIssue ) CERs Issued:25,978tCO2vitamin E Verification Period: 1 Sep 2010 – 31 Dec 2011 The biomass works uses rice chaff ( which is godforsaken merchandise from rice Millss ) as a fuel to bring forth electricity. The works displaces fossil fuel to bring forth electricity, thereby helps to cut down to GHG emanation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Carbon Market and Energy Efficiency Targets in the EU or any similar topic only for you Order Now The capacity of the works is 9.9MW, whereas big proportion of the electricity sold to Provincial Electricity Authority ( PEA ) under Very Small Power Producer Program, staying power used in-house ingestion and supply neighbouring Nakron Laung Rice Mill ( NLRM ) . In order to accomplish the consistence in energy supply to PEA the Power Prospect Company Ltd ( PPCL ) plans to secure 60 % of the rice chaff from the neighbouring NLRM factory and 40 % of the chaff from other Millss nearby. The works has a possible to provide 70,246 MWh of PEA and 35,348tCO2e one-year over one-year norm over the crediting period of estimated GHG emanation decrease. Further, undertaking has certain advantages such as GHG emanation decrease potency, since it displaces fossil fuel for power coevals, helps to run into turning demand for power in Thailand and better in support for local population by making occupations. Lopburi Solar Power works Undertaking: ( 1stissue ) CER Issue:122,828tCO2vitamin E Verification Period: 1 Jan 2012 – 31 December 2013 The Lopburi Solar Power works is a Greenfield Project of Natural Energy Development Co. , Ltd. ( NED ) , Lopburi state Thailand. The works considered as a one of the largest solar PV power workss in the universe and first large-scale undertaking solar PV in Thailand. The works uses the sunshine as energy beginning for bring forthing C impersonal electricity. NED plans to raise the thin-films PV panels at the undertaking works with the sum installed capacity 73.16MW-DC gross. Harmonizing to the undertaking program, the net measure of electricity coevals sold to the national power grid-Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand ( EGAT ) , via provincial Electricity Authority ( PEA ) transmittal lines under a 5-year automatically renewable power purchase understanding ( PPA ) in the Small Power Producer ( SPP ) Program. The undertaking expected to cut down GHG about 65,214 metric tons of tCO2e per twelvemonth. Furthermore, the undertaking has a potency of bring forthing 105,512 MWh of net electricity to the grid per annum, which is tantamount to 63,096tCO2 GHG emanations extenuation decrease potency per twelvemonth. The undertaking fulfills the sustainable development standards by diminishing the dependence on fossil fuel, run intoing turning demand in Thailand, provides short and long-run employment for the local community and increasing in local content by transportation of Know-how, developing related to plan, operation and care from Sharp corporation, Japan to NED staffs. Carbon Markets Analysis EUA monetary values in the European conformity market made better public presentation this month. The first three hebdomads December 2014 hereafters traded in a scope of ˆ5.19–5.75/t and topographic point contracts traded in a scope of ˆ5.15- 5.70/t. On the other manus low volume of trading in 3rd hebdomad influenced diminution in trade by 21 per centum in comparing to last month. Though, lessening in volume of trading due to EU backloading program halved the volume of licenses and public vacation in Germany, nevertheless the monetary values have shown better public presentation. The betterment in monetary values were due to the undermentioned grounds i ) during early phase of the hebdomad C monetary values made strong addition, anticipating high demand from public-service corporation companies, two ) the C permits made good additions based on the intelligence of Germany’s plans to reform the EU-ETS by 2017 and iii ) speculative over German public-service corporation companies like RWE, E.ON and Vatternfall influenced monetary values motions. Meanwhile, CER monetary values in the UN-backed CDM improved this month after a downswing in last month. The December 2014 contract traded in the scope of ˆ0.09 – 0.15 cents/t, and the topographic point market monetary values for CERs traded in a scope of ˆ0.10 – 0.17 cents/t. December 2014 contract performed good after making all-time last monetary value of 0.08 cents/t last month due to diminish in the demand. It is expected that the demands for CERs are low until 2020 as they are waiting new UNFCCC trade. CCAs monetary values in California market shown better public presentation this month as December 2014 CCAs traded in a scope of $ 11.75 –11.85/t. The demand for C allowances are low in secondary market due to widespread belief that there are more pollution licenses in the market than needed. Meanwhile the North East’s Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative ( RGGI ) December 2014 RGAs traded in a scope of $ 4.95 – 5/t. The strong glade monetary value and high command resulted due to US Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) release of intelligence on new C bounds on power workss. As a consequence, the auction on first hebdomad sold 18 million allowances deserving of $ 90.67 million by 43 bidders. This shows purchasers involvement in clean energy and other consumer benefit plans. EU proposal on adhering Energy Efficiency ( EE ) mark for 2030 The on-going Russia-Ukraine crises made EU to concentrate on cut down dependence on fossil fuel. In this context, Curates from energy and environment of seven European states requested EU committee to include EE in energy and clime bundle for 2030. As per joint missive signed by group curates from Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg and Portugal says that energy efficiency must at the nucleus of the EU clime and energy policy up to 2030. Since, EE is the most robust and cost-efficient manner to cut down GHG emanations and it has a important sum of economic potency for EE betterments. At present EU-Emissions Trade Scheme ( ETS ) provides incentives merely for public-service corporation companies. Whereas, sectors such as services, private families, conveyance, trade and edifices are non covered under in EU-ETS. Hence, EE policy and mark plays a cardinal function in mitigate GHG emanations. Harmonizing to this proposal foremost, EU mark of 20 percent energy- economy should run into by 2020, so, reexamine advancement of 2020 EE mark and should show a proposal for adhering mark for EE in 2030. The proposal consists of mold of the scenarios of committee ‘s impact on appraisal attach toing 2030 bundle and European parliament proposal for an EE mark. Hence, it leads to necessary foundation for EU EE policy for 2030. This mark helps transmutation in long-run to make 80 to 95 per centum decrease of GHG gas emanation by 2050. However, harmonizing to environmental and energy curates the proposal should stress on impact appraisal of EU ‘s 2030 energy and environmental end and energy efficiency mark. The impact assessment lineation increases Europe ‘s EE by 30-35 per centum, but parliament proposed to cut GHG emanations by 40 per centum as one of three adhering mark for 2030 and increase in the portion of renewable energy portion by 27 per centum from 20 per centum undertaking in 2020. The EE end will non harm ETS, as ETS reforms have possible to prolong dazes from addition in EE. In this context Britain raised its concern over EU ‘s EE 2030 end as individual end is sufficient to cut the emanations mark that would let states to cut down C emanations in a cost-efficient mode. In contrast, a group of seven ministries argued that a separate EE is mark required save energy of sectors that are non regulated under ETS. Further, it besides said that, though EE might hold high upfront cost, but this will be offset as returns worth 1-2 trillion euros during 2020-2030 in the signifier of energy nest eggs. All in all, EU proposal on EE mark for 2030 is important for accomplishing decreases in GHG emanation in cost-efficient mode. EU Carbon Market Reform by 2017 EU- ETS has suffered from planetary fiscal crisis, where C monetary values fell drastically below ˆ5/t due to flood of C licenses since 2008. Therefore, European committee proposed a program to puting up alleged market stableness fund/reserve to fudge against future economic hazards. The committee wanted to force C monetary values towards ˆ20/t for pulling more investors to put in low-carbon engineerings. Whereas, at present EU-ETS screens 12000 power workss, mills and air hoses. But, some of largest emitters such as Germany, England and France wanted this reforms to implement by 2017 ( 4 old ages of in front of committee ‘s proposal to implement ) . At present state of affairs EU modesty proposal agreed by the bulk of member provinces ; nevertheless it will confront strong disapproval from industry and coal dependent eastern provinces. However, Germany interested to cut 900 million C licenses for good, which is temporarily being held because of EU ‘s backloading program. If committee agrees for Germany ‘s program so recovery of monetary values will be quicker and travel towards stable monetary values because backloading program will non return. Harmonizing to point C, if reforms implemented by 2017 the monetary values will increase by 40 per centum over a period 2014-2020 than committee ‘s start day of the month of 2021. In drumhead, committee ‘s modesty program will be good to the market in short-run, since it will force C monetary values higher around 40 per centum on an mean during 2014-20. What a monetary value to ‘rescue CER’ ? In recent past the monetary values of beginnings generated under CDM undertakings are rather low. Consequently, such low monetary values have made investors to retreat from undertakings and contracts. Recently, one of the largest C hearers SGS announced to step back from C confirmation of CDM undertakings. This is attributed to Continuing contraction in CDM market and associated concerns with regard to costs and hazards among CDM undertakings. The weakening of CDM substructure has led market atomization, higher extenuation costs and chances of edifice comprehensive and efficient planetary C market. Therefore, there is important call to halt farther impairment of the planetary C market substructure. States like Norway, Sweden and the UK that have voluntary domestic marks and launched financess to buy CERs from developing states under dedicated vehicle. For illustration, Norway is willing to buy 30 million CERs under Norse C procurance installation. Therefore, what monetary value it should pay for buying C beginning and whether exposure and cost effectivity of the undertaking can accomplish at the same clip. Since, exposure and cost effectivity varies from one undertaking to another for illustration, efficient cook ranges and compact florescent lamps ( CFL ) ; C finance plays a important function to prolong the undertaking. Whereas, undertakings related to windmill C finance generates excess income, but impact no sustainability of the undertaking. All in all, there is no individual monetary value, if exposure defined as a minimal C monetary value to maintain undertaking alive. Undertakings with lone CERs as gross are decidedly vulnerable and the exposure depends on engineering and geographics, but non vulnerability itself. How to cite The Carbon Market and Energy Efficiency Targets in the EU, Essay examples

Christian Faithfulness and Homosexuality †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Christian Faithfulness and Homosexuality. Answer: Introduction The following essay is about the ethical things in Christianity and the relevance of politics in connection to politics. There are certain matters on why should the Christians always be cautious in participating in politics. The Christians have to be very much ethical in whatever things they do and justify their actions to the state and the church. There is an up and down relation between the church and state all through. This relationship has to be viewed in this essay as well. The state is the governing body or the state takes care of the people of the country and the Church instigates in the way the people should act, behave and present themselves in front of the others. There have been many conflicts between the state and the church regarding their viewpoints about certain things (Kim, McCalman Fisher, 2012). The church sees and views an issue from the prospect of the Bible or the sayings of Jesus but the state views the issues from the humanistic perspectives because they have to be justified about their activities all the time. In this case, the issue of homosexual marriage has to be discussed in connection to the relationship between church and the state. There are certain ways by which a Christian can get engaged in politics (McGrath, 2016). It has been said that religion and politics do not mix with each other. Therefore, the believers must not engage in direct politics According to the Bible, people can have two stands between the politics and government. The Bible has said the God has the right to take the decision about the various aspects of life. Not only has everyone, God had the right to take the decisions about everything as well. It has also said that the plan of God is static and it cannot be altered by any means (Inge, 2017). The will of God will be implemented by any means and the government has no power to stop that from being implemented (Daniel 4:34-35). Even it can be said that kings are set up and deposed by the will of God as well (Daniel 2:21). It can also be interpreted in this context that politics is nothing but an instrument through which god imposes His various wishes on the human beings and the society (Elio t, 2014). Many times it has been seen that God some people have always used politics to gain power and use it for the evil purposes. God has always meant it for the good purposes only (Romans 8:28). Another aspect that may be considered is the aspect that government cannot save human beings from the hands of damnation but it is only in the hands of God that mankind can be saved. It has never been seen in the New Testament that Jesus or any of his apostles had been engaged in the planning ways to reform the pagan world of the evil practices in the Christianity (Brown, 2015). The apostles of Jesus never had wasted their times in protesting against the unjust and unlawful actions of the Roman Empire or the brutal things they had done. It is the duty of the subjects to obey the rules and regulations of the government and they should always be the examples of the good citizens (Romans 13:1-2). Such things have been discussed in the context of the politics and how the Christians should be engaged (Johnson, 2012). The church has some God-given purposes that is not that much appropriate in the age of the political activism. The believers in active Christianity should not engage in or sp end their time, money and energy in practicing the governmental affairs (Marshall, 2014). The Christian believers have lived and made their ways in the repressive pagan governments till they gained the supremacy in their fields. Some people had been successful to regain their cultural and religious faith despite the political and governmental pressures in several countries (Cochrane, 2015). The active participants in Christianity must believe that they had been the ones chosen for showing the light to the people towards salvation and it is not the government who does so. However, according to the teaching of one of the apostles, Paul, it has been said that the Christians should always obey and honor the governing authorities. Besides, they should also keep faith in Christianity and work according to its sayings. Relationship between the church and the state The church and the state have been the two pillars of the country where the dominant religion has been Christianity (Williams, 2017). Both of them have some specific roles according to which they perform their duties to serve the mankind. They are the chief religious and political institutions respectively. It is from the advent of Christianity that the relationship between the church and the state has been a great matter of concern. This issue has been the one in which the Christians have been very worried and concerned over the ages. The main conflicting thing that has been prevalent in this issue is the one between political activism and religious freedom (Yancey Williamson, 2012). This relationship is very crucial since the people have been confused over this matter. In the earlier centuries, church did not rely on the powers of the state in most of the matters but in case of some of the matters they had to rely on it like the removal of the Bishop. The conditions had changed ra dically and a situation had come when the Church had no financial independence so they had decided to take the financial help from the State. The Church needed to have a support from the King using the money of the state. At one time, Crusades began and the Church had its own army because the Pope had called the war (Asbridge, 2012). Some theories can be attributed to this relationship between the church and the state. After the Christianity was promoted 4th C.E the Roman Empire had begun to form itself as a Christian Empire soon. The state affairs began to be connected with the Church in a big way and the Church began to develop some theological aspects related to politics to understand the situation better (Sorauf, 2015). According to the primary things of this theory, it is believed that it is the Church who has to cooperate with the state. Eusebius himself had said that Christian Empire should be looked at positively. He also adopted the concept that there should be only one society. That society will be run under the governance of the emperor. One thing must be regarded in this aspect that the emperor must be a Christian (Sorauf, 2015). This theory also shows that the empire should be considered as the victory of Jesus Christ. Idolatry was not that much appreciated in those days. The Empire had promoted the true religion and pressed down the idolatry. The Christian Empire had all the responsibility to look after the church. According to this theory, the churches had very little independence in the world. The Churches in the Eastern part of the world had accepted these theories (Sorauf, 2015). Ambroses theory According to Ambrose, it can be said that the Church has to be independent from the state. The church has to be able to take all the decisions irrespective of the opinions of the Empire or the state. In this theory, the model of the Old Testament had been used. In this model the concept of the high priest and king was used to showcase the relation between the bishop and the emperor (Sorauf, 2015). This theory says that the empire should not possess any control over the church and the Church must have completely independent powers. This should be especially valid on the issues of doctrine. Instead, the Bishop should have the power and call the king so that king can repent for the misdeeds and follow the laws of God. According to Augustine, it can be said that the church and state are the two invisible institutions or forms of the human association. It is believed that the city of God is the earthly city. The people who live in this city love God and love themselves as well. These cities are not visible social institutions so they can be defined by their intention only (Scherer, 2013). In this aspect, it can be said that Christian Church cannot be recognized as something like city of God because the residents of Church are sometimes evil as well. On the other hand, the state does not need to be evil since they have some special duties to perform (Scherer, 2013). The objectives of a state are to secure the goodness of its citizens and the church as well. Christians should be working within the state to help the state so that the state can obtain its objectives. Homosexual marriage and Christian ethics There have been endless debates on how the issues of homosexual marriage or gay marriage should be looked at. From the earlier times, it has been believed that sex has been a gift or blessing of God that has been presented to the human beings or the fulfillment of love (Hill, 2016). This fulfillment of love must be enjoyed between husband and wife. There is no confusion or ambiguity in the interpretation of homosexuality in Bible. The concerned Scripture discusses about it in both implicit and explicit manners and describes it as being falling outside the desire of God. It has been said that all the human beings must speak the truth in love (Ephesians 4:15). The Bible has depicted that there should not be any hatred and or hurting comments towards the people who have experienced the attraction for the same-sex people who recognize themselves as to be gay, lesbian or bisexual people (Hill, 2016). Jesus Christ has taught the people to be sympathetic to everyone as every human being has the basic features of humanity with value and dignity (Jordan, 2013). The people who commit the sexual sin like those of the same-sex couples should be shown dignity also. In Christianity, the priority is bestowed upon pure love itself; the gender factor is not a big matter in that case (Jordan, 2013). The truth about the love should be expressed in a graceful manner properly. However, in case of marriage, there is no room for homosexual marriage since the act of marriage is believed to be a heterosexual activity. There is a divine purpose and design of marriage that has been an integral part of it. It says that God has made male and female for the creation. The man should leave his father and mother and stick to his wife and thus become one flesh. (Mark 10:6-8). It has been observed that there has been many people who believe that heterosexuality is not the one and only legitimate marriage relation that can be transformed into marriage. The sexual preference is an inherent feature of every person and he or she was not given this choice to select between the homosexuality and heterosexuality (Masci Lipka, 2015). All kinds of sexual promiscuity have been prohibited in the Bible. There have been some hermeneutical methods that could help the theological experts to justify the homosexual behavior. This viewpoint about the homosexual marriage belongs to the theory of Augustine because being an invisible institution; Church has fixed some rules about the homosexual marriage. Moreover, there have been no supports from Christian Scriptures about the sexual immorality like homosexual marriage (Masci Lipka, 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded that Christianity has many ethical considering that can be held as essential things in the relevant contexts. Politics is one of the most important things that have been seen with great significance over the time. The engagement in politics for the Christians has many Biblical interpretations. These ethical considerations have been discussed in this scenario. Other important things that have been discussed in this context are the relationship between the church and the state. The church and the state are the two most important pillars in the Christian society. Apart from that, the various theories in the church and state relationship have been discussed in this matter as well. The situation of homosexual marriage in the Christian context has been discussed and it has been found that Christianity does not support any immoral sexual connection that exploits the serenity of man-woman relationship. References Asbridge, T. 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